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German adjective endings without rote learning

Der gute Wein, ein guter Wein, guter Wein — the same adjective three times, two different endings. Behind it is a single idea, and once you see it you will hardly need the tables.

Updated 16 October 2026 · 5 min read · Rilke editorial team

The idea: someone has to give the signal

In German, a word in front of the noun shows its gender and case. Usually that is the article: der signals masculine nominative, dem masculine or neuter dative. When the article already gives this signal, the adjective only takes a plain ending: -e or -en. When the article does not give the signal — because there is none, or because ein has no ending — the adjective takes over.

With this rule you can work out almost every ending. The tables below are for looking things up.

1. After the definite article (der, die, das)

Also after dieser, jeder, welcher and alle. The article gives the signal — the adjective ends in -e or -en.

masculinefeminineneuterplural
nominativeder gute Weindie gute Suppedas gute Brotdie guten Weine
accusativeden guten Weindie gute Suppedas gute Brotdie guten Weine
dativedem guten Weinder guten Suppedem guten Brotden guten Weinen
genitivedes guten Weinsder guten Suppedes guten Brotsder guten Weine

Remember: -e only in the five cells at the top left (nominative singular, plus feminine and neuter accusative); everywhere else -en.

2. After ein, kein, mein, dein …

Almost like table 1 — except in the three places where ein stands without an ending. There the adjective takes the signal: -er (masculine) or -es (neuter).

masculinefeminineneuterplural
nominativeein guter Weineine gute Suppeein gutes Brotkeine guten Weine
accusativeeinen guten Weineine gute Suppeein gutes Brotkeine guten Weine
dativeeinem guten Weineiner guten Suppeeinem guten Brotkeinen guten Weinen
genitiveeines guten Weinseiner guten Suppeeines guten Brotskeiner guten Weine

3. Without an article

Here there is no article to carry the signal — so the adjective takes the ending of the definite article: der → guter, die → gute, das → gutes, dem → gutem, den → guten.

masculinefeminineneuterplural
nominativeguter Weingute Suppegutes Brotgute Weine
accusativeguten Weingute Suppegutes Brotgute Weine
dativegutem Weinguter Suppegutem Brotguten Weinen
genitiveguten Weinsguter Suppeguten Brotsguter Weine

The one exception: in the masculine and neuter genitive the adjective ends in -en, because the noun itself already carries the -s.

Set phrases for letters and emails

Many adjective endings in the exam sit inside fixed formulas. Learn them whole:

  • Liebe Anna, / Lieber Thomas, / Liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen,
  • Sehr geehrte Frau Becker, / Sehr geehrter Herr Yilmaz,
  • Mit freundlichen Grüßen — dative plural, no article
  • Viele Grüße / Herzliche Grüße
  • Ein schönes Wochenende! / Herzlichen Glückwunsch!

Several adjectives

When two adjectives stand before one noun, both take the same ending: ein großer, heller Raum, mit guten alten Freunden.

Typical mistakes

Ich wohne in einer kleine Wohnung. → in einer kleinen Wohnung. (dative: always -en after einer)

Das ist ein interessante Buch. → ein interessantes Buch. (ein without an ending → the adjective shows das)

Mit freundliche Grüße → Mit freundlichen Grüßen. (mit + dative plural)

Sehr geehrte Herr Müller, → Sehr geehrter Herr Müller,

Exercise

Fill in the endings. The answers are below.

Exercise

  1. Ich wohne in einer klein___ Wohnung.
  2. Das ist ein interessant___ Buch.
  3. Wir haben einen neu___ Kollegen.
  4. Der alt___ Mann wartet auf den Bus.
  5. Ich trinke morgens gern heiß___ Tee.
  6. Hast du die neu___ Schuhe schon getragen?
  7. Bei schön___ Wetter gehen wir spazieren.
  8. Sehr geehrt___ Damen und Herren,
Show the answers
  1. kleinen — dative feminine after einer
  2. interessantes — ein without an ending, neuter
  3. neuen — accusative masculine after einen
  4. alte — nominative after der
  5. heißen — accusative masculine, no article (den → -en)
  6. neuen — plural after die
  7. schönem — dative neuter, no article (dem → -em)
  8. geehrte — plural, no article, nominative (die → -e)

And in the exam?

Adjective endings are among the most frequent mistakes in exam texts — and the easiest to overlook, because the sentence still makes sense. A few slips rarely cost much; but if nearly every ending is wrong, it shows the forms are not yet secure, and that costs marks for accuracy. So when you proofread, make one pass just for the endings.

In the Rilke app you practise adjective endings in the Grammatik module, case by case.

Practise in the exam format

Tasks as in the exam, marked against the exam's own criteria — in your browser or in the app. Grammar, vocabulary, reading and listening are free.

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